Axial pumps – compare favorably with centrifugal equipment in that they can pump not only clean water, but also liquids with a certain degree of contamination. There is one more advantage: with a similar speed factor, taking into account three main parameters (pressure, flow, wheel speed), the dimensions and weight of the pump will be less.

Axial-flow pumps find their application where a large head is not needed, but a significant water consumption is expected. In water supply systems, these are the stations of the first rise, in land reclamation – irrigation installations. They are also used in sewerage and drainage systems, treatment facilities.

According to the type of housing, axial pumps can be vertical, horizontal, capsule type, and submersible. Vertical units, including rotary ones, are used at nuclear and thermal power plants, in agriculture, as well as for pumping sea water.

Centrifugal pumps also belong to vane equipment, and differ from axial pumps only in the direction of water movement. In this case, it moves not at an angle to the wheel axis, but along it. Moreover, the shaft rotates in one direction, and the water ring – in the other. This principle of operation allows you to significantly increase the water pressure, especially in those models that have a multi-stage design.

Therefore, centrifugal pumps are used where it is required to create high pressure in the pipeline. First of all, these are stations of the second and subsequent lifts – in water supply, sewerage and fire extinguishing systems. They are also used as circulation pumps for heating systems.

There are the following types of centrifugal pumps:

• horizontal and vertical;
• console;
• low, high, medium pressure;
• single and double suction;
• with spirals or blades;
• surface, deep, submersible.

Centrifugal pumps are used for the following purposes:

• fire-fighting – eliminate fires;
• alkaline – pumping alkaline solutions;
• oil – pumping of oil products;
• chemical – work with aggressive media;
• dredgers – soil suction;
• thermoregulated – work in conditions of thermoregulation.

By the type of housing design, pumps of a centrifugal design are also vertical and horizontal, and can be surface and submersible. Two more categories should be distinguished. These are models designed for wastewater, and the so-called ground (sludge) pumps, which are used to pump slurries.

The last option differs from the rest of the version of the entrance: it can be axial or lateral. A distinctive feature of dredge, slurry and sand pumps is the fact that they are all equipped with a flushing system that allows you to eliminate blockages. These pumps have great power, and are able not only to lift liquefied soil, but also to transport it over fairly long distances. Such operating conditions of the equipment are not at all the same as the supply of clean water from a well. Therefore, in the manufacture of working parts and seals for these pumps, the most durable metals and alloys, composites and reinforced rubber are used.

Soil, sand and slurry pumps are used in the mining and processing industries, in the development of oil fields, in the drilling of artesian wells, in construction. They are designed for a high content of abrasive impurities in water, and this figure can exceed 1200 kg per 1m3 of water.

Vortex pumps, distinguished by their reliability and relative simplicity, are used to pump clean water and liquids with a safe chemical composition.

Vortex pumps are used in such systems:

• when arranging irrigation systems;
• in sewerage and water supply;
• in the organization of technological production processes;
• when extinguishing fires;
• for chemical water treatment;
• for heating and ventilation;
• at oil refineries and distilleries;
• when filling and emptying cisterns.

Screw pumps are used when it is necessary to move a working medium with a high level of viscosity, insufficiently liquid and non-fluid medium, when treating wastewater, for various products with high viscosity and difficult fluidity.

They find their application:

• when pumping cement-sand mixtures,
• cement and other compounds, when supplying soil, adhesives in construction;
• in the food industry;
• in sewage systems;
• in the production of building materials.

Circulation pumps are equipped with a “wet rotor”. They are installed in the pipeline to perform forced movement of fluid, which lubricates and cools moving parts, which ensures long operation, reliability and noiselessness.

Vacuum pumps are used in cases where the technology in the industrial, medical and pharmaceutical industries, provides for the creation of low pressure or vacuum zones, use vacuum pumps. They are used in milking machines in animal husbandry. The main advantage of the pumps is the creation of sterile cleanliness during the pumping process.

Distinguish between dry rotary vane, oil, one- and two-stage, monoblock, water ring vacuum pumps. Special models of vacuum pumps have been developed for specific technological tasks for individual industrial sectors.

Gear pumps have a simple design and are less expensive than plunger pumps. They are operated in hydraulic drives at a pressure that does not exceed 200 kg / cm, which allows them to be used in hydraulic systems of municipal and agricultural machinery, loaders and excavators. The main parameters are operating pressure and productivity, the period of continuous operation is 1 … 5 thousand hours, the efficiency is at least 80%.

Piston pumps, unlike pumps of other designs, are operated under dry suction conditions. The piston, moving inside the cylinder, forms a vacuum, where the working medium is sucked in from the pipeline system. The valves are triggered, during the next cycle, the liquid is displaced from the cylinder in the required direction. A distinction is made between pumps with one-way and two-way action. They provide the highest possible pressure level.

Piston pumps are used in the food industry and chemical production, water supply, heavy engineering; mine construction; quarry mining.

A pumping station is a set of equipment based on a pump for automatic pumping of liquids. Most often it is used for uninterrupted water supply to several points of water intake in the absence of a central water supply.

Pumping stations can be used in different areas:

• For cold and hot water supply;
• For drainage of sewage;
• As an element of a fire extinguishing system;
• For pumping technical liquids and oil products.

Also, stations can be remotely controlled or not, with negative or positive fence heights.

The variety of pumps in the station depends on the type of tasks being solved. The most commonly used are circulation, drainage, cantilever (monoblock), sewage, multistage and borehole pumps.

Depending on the tasks set, the algorithm and the specifics of the technological process, the pumping station is equipped with various automation (control cabinets).

Diesel pumping unit is an autonomous pumping station equipped with a diesel engine as a drive. The purpose of diesel pumping units (DNU) is to supply or pump out water, foam, soil, dirt, pumping oil products and other liquids.

The main pumped media of pumping stations:

• pure water;
• dirty water;
• gravel-sand mixtures;
• petroleum products, fuel;
• acids and gas-saturated liquids;
• water and steam condensate;

A motor pump is essentially the same centrifugal pump. The main difference is that the pumps are equipped with electric motors, and the motor pumps are powered by gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines.

The advantage of motor pumps over conventional pumps is obvious: they can work autonomously. Therefore, they can be used where conventional pumps cannot be used: when draining flooded areas, wells, ditches, trenches, cellars, wetlands, pumping wastewater from septic tanks and extinguishing fires.

There are motor pumps for clean, slightly polluted and highly polluted water.

For clean water, this is a technique designed to pump “clear” water with a small amount of contamination. These pumps can be used to fill and drain pools, drinking water tanks and irrigation water.

For lightly polluted water – suitable for pumping water from flooded premises and artificial reservoirs. Such pumps are capable of pumping turbid water with inclusions of solid particles up to 10 mm in size.

For heavily contaminated water – suitable for draining trenches, excavations and pumping waste water. They can cope with dirty water containing inclusions of 30 mm or more.