Rails are beams made of carbon steel and laid on specialized sleepers. They are used to build railway tracks for various purposes. Rail production is controlled by various state standards for each type and type of rail.

Turnouts are elements of a railroad that are needed to solve the following tasks: unification of two or three tracks running side by side; branching of one line into several neighboring ones; joining of parallel or intersecting paths.

Sleepers are beams laid on the ballast layer of the upper track, they can be wood, reinforced concrete and plastic. The sleepers take on the pressure created by the rails, the intermediate fasteners transfer the pressure to the sleeper base.

Blind track crossings – used at stations, industrial-factory tracks, on railway tracks. When the transition of rolling stock from one track to another is not required, blind intersections are arranged.

Blind track crossings – used at stations, industrial-factory tracks, on railway tracks. When the transition of rolling stock from one track to another is not required, blind intersections are arranged.

Rail fastenings are key elements of the TS (track structure) fixtures that connect metal structures to each other and / or to the base (that is, with wooden / reinforced concrete sleepers).

There are two types of rail fasteners:

• Junctural. In this case, it is meant to connect the rails to each other in rail threads using lining. The rail pads are flat and are bolted to the rails.
• Intermediate. In this case, we mean fastening the rails to wooden or reinforced concrete sleepers. Intermediate rail fasteners secure the rails to the sleepers and reduce vibration during train passage.

Anti-theft devices are devices for pinching the rail foot and transmitting longitudinal forces when rolling stock moves to sleepers or pads. Anti-theft devices prevent the longitudinal movement of the rails – “hijacking the track”.

Linings are elements that connect the ends of the rails and are designed to absorb various internal force factors – bending and shear forces. Each rail plate has its own marking, which indicates that this part belongs to a certain type of rails. 

By the number of bolt holes, four and six-hole linings are distinguished. In modern parts, only round holes are mainly used, which makes them more durable and simplifies manufacturing technology.

Linings are elements of the superstructure of the railway tracks that connect sleepers and rails to each other and prevent their mutual movement